The architecture of the White Tower exemplifies the military engineering principles of the Norman period. Here's a breakdown of its architectural features:
Massive Stone Walls: The White Tower is constructed primarily of Kentish ragstone, a durable limestone, which provides strength and resilience to the structure. The walls are thick, ranging from 15 to 16 feet (about 4.5 to 4.9 meters), making them formidable defensive barriers.
Defensive Towers: The White Tower is fortified with four corner towers and three semi-circular towers along its walls, providing strategic vantage points for defenders to observe and repel potential attackers. These towers also served as living quarters for the royal residents and their retinue.
Battlements and Crenellations: The parapet of the White Tower features crenellations, alternating solid merlons (upright portions) and open embrasures (gaps) for archers to shoot through. This design allowed defenders to protect the tower while offering cover from enemy fire.
Strategic Placement: Situated on the north bank of the River Thames, the White Tower commands a commanding position overlooking the river, providing a natural barrier to potential invaders approaching from the water. Its location also allowed it to control access to the city of London from the river.
Keep Design: The White Tower follows the traditional design of a Norman keep, characterized by its square or rectangular shape and imposing size. It served as a symbol of royal power and authority, as well as a fortress to defend the city and its inhabitants.
Norman Influence: The architectural style of the White Tower reflects the Norman influence on English castle design, with its solid construction, sturdy fortifications, and emphasis on defensive features.
Overall, the White Tower's architecture is a testament to the military prowess and strategic vision of its builders, embodying both strength and majesty as a symbol of Norman rule in England
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